Welcome to Ring’s documentation!

Contents:

• Applications developed in little hours
  • Quotes about Ring
  • FetchStockData Application
  • Fifteen Puzzle Game 2
  • Google API Shortener Application
  • Analog Clock
  • TicTacToe Game
  • Squares Puzzle Game
  • Video-Music-Player Application
  • Calculator Application
  • Windows StartUp Manager Application
  • Werdy Application
  • Samples in this book
  • Innovative
  • Practical
• Introduction
  • Motivation
  • Ring and other languages
  • Special Thanks to Matz
  • History
  • Features
  • License
• Language Design
  • Why Ring?
  • Designed for a Clear Goal
  • Simple
  • Trying to be natural
  • Encourage Organization
  • Compact Syntax
  • Define Natural Statements
  • Define Declarative Languages
  • Syntax Flexibility
  • Transparent Implementation
  • Visual Implementation
  • Smart Garbage Collector
  • No Global Interpreter (VM) Lock - No GIL
  • Fast Enough For Many Applications
• What is new in Ring 1.9?
  • List of changes and new features
  • New Game : Gold Magic 800
  • More Games
  • Better Ring Notepad
  • Better StdLib
  • BigNumber Library
  • RingPostgreSQL Extension
  • Deploying Web applications in the Cloud
  • Better RingQt
  • Better Memory Management
  • Better Code Generator for Extensions
  • More Improvements
• What is new in Ring 1.8?
  • List of changes and new features
  • Better Performance
  • Find in files Application
  • String2Constant Application
  • StopWatch Application
  • More 3D Samples
  • Compiling on Manjaro Linux
  • Using This in the class region as Self
  • Default value for object attributes is NULL
  • The For Loops uses the local scope
  • Merge binary characters
  • FoxRing Library
  • Better Form Designer
  • Better Cards Game
  • Better RingQt
  • Better Code Generator For Extensions
  • Better Ring Compiler and VM
  • Notes to extensions creators
• What is new in Ring 1.7?
  • List of changes and new features
  • New Command: Load Package
  • ringvm_see() and ringvm_give() functions
  • ring_state_new() and ring_state_mainfile() functions
  • Better Trace Library
  • Better Ring Notepad
  • Better RingQt
  • Better Ring2EXE
  • Better RingZip
  • Better Documentation
  • Better Ring VM
  • RingLibuv Extension
• What is new in Ring 1.6?
  • List of changes and new features
  • Employee Application
  • New Tool: Ring2EXE
  • Better Ring For Android
  • New Tool: Folder2qrc
  • Better Scripts for building Ring
  • RingConsoleColors Extension
  • RingMurmurHash Extension
  • Better Ring Notepad
  • Better RingQt
  • Better StdLib
  • Better RingVM
  • Better RingREPL
  • Using Tab instead of char(9)
  • Using CR as Carriage return
  • Using the ! operator as not
  • Using && and || operators
  • Using ? to print expression then new line
• What is new in Ring 1.5?
  • List of changes and new features
  • Video-Music-Player Application
  • Windows StartUp Manager Application
  • Calculator Application
  • Better Ring Notepad
  • Better StdLib
  • Better WebLib
  • Better RingQt
  • Better Objects Library
  • RingFreeGLUT Extension
  • RingOpenGL Extension
  • Better Code Generator for Extensions
  • Better Documentation Generator for Extensions
  • Ring VM - Tracing Functions
  • Trace Library and Interactive Debugger
  • More Syntax Flexibility
  • Type Hints Library
  • Better Quality
  • What is new in Ring 1.5.1?
  • What is new in Ring 1.5.2?
  • What is new in Ring 1.5.3?
  • What is new in Ring 1.5.4?
• What is new in Ring 1.4?
  • List of changes and new features
  • Change: Basic Extensions are separated from RingVM
  • The Natural Library
  • New Style is added to Ring Notepad
  • RingREPL
  • Convert between Numbers and Bytes
  • Better StdLib
  • Better WebLib
  • Better RingQt
  • Qt Class Convertor
  • What is new in Ring 1.4.1?
• What is new in Ring 1.3?
  • List of changes and new features
  • Better RingQt
  • Better Ring Notepad
  • Ring mode for Emacs Editor
  • Better StdLib
  • Better Loop|Exit Command
  • New Functions
  • Return Self by Reference
  • Using ‘<’ and ‘:’ operators as ‘from’ keyword
  • Embedding Ring in Ring without sharing the State
  • RingZip Library
  • Form Designer
• What is new in Ring 1.2?
  • List of changes and new features
  • New Functions
  • Better Functions
  • Better Ring Notepad
  • Better RingQt
  • Objects Library for RingQt
  • RingLibCurl
  • Better Call Command
  • Using NULL instead of NULLPointer()
  • Display Warnings Option
  • Better Quality
• What is new in Ring 1.1?
  • List of changes and new features
  • Better Natural Language Programming Support
  • Generate/Execute Ring Object Files (*.ringo)
  • Syntax Flexibility and different styles for I/O and Control Structures
  • New Functions and Changes
  • StdLib functions and classes written in Ring
  • RingLibSDL
  • Demo Project - Game Engine for 2D Games
  • RingSQLite
  • Better Code Generator for Extensions
  • Using Self.Attribute in the Class Region to define new attributes
  • Using This.Attribute in nested Braces inside the Class Methods
  • Better Documentation
• Building From Source Code
  • Building using Microsoft Windows
  • Building using Ubuntu Linux
  • Building using Fedora Linux
  • Building using MacOS X
  • Building using CMake
• How to contribute?
  • Special thanks to contributors
  • Documentation
  • Testing
  • Samples
  • Applications
  • Editors Support
  • Libraries in Ring
  • Extensions in C/C++
  • Compiler and Virtual Machine (VM)
  • Ideas and suggestions
• Getting Started - First Style
  • Hello World
  • Run the program
  • Create Executable File
  • Not Case-Sensitive
  • Multi-Line literals
  • Getting Input
  • No Explicit End For Statements
  • Using ? to print expression then new line
  • Writing Comments
• Getting Started - Second Style
  • Hello World
  • Run the program
  • Create Executable File
  • Not Case-Sensitive
  • Multi-Line literals
  • Getting Input
  • No Explicit End For Statements
  • Writing Comments
• Getting Started - Third Style
  • Hello World
  • Run the program
  • Create Executable File
  • Not Case-Sensitive
  • Multi-Line literals
  • Getting Input
  • No Explicit End For Statements
  • Writing Comments
• Using Ring Notepad
  • Ring Notepad - Main Window
  • Creating and running your first Console Application
  • Creating and running your first GUI/Mobile Application
  • Creating and running your first Web Application
  • Creating and running your first Desktop/Mobile Game
  • The Main File in the Project
  • The File Menu
  • The Edit Menu
  • The View Menu
  • The Program Menu
  • The Browser Menu
  • The Tools Menu
  • The Distribute Menu
  • The Help Menu
• Using Other Code Editors
  • Using Notepad++
  • Using Geany
  • Using Atom
  • Using Sublime Text 2
  • Using Visual Studio IDE
  • Using Emacs Editor
• Variables
  • Dynamic Typing
  • Deep Copy
  • Weakly Typed
• Operators
  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Relational Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Bitwise Operators
  • Assignment Operators
  • Misc Operators
  • Operators Precedence
• Control Structures - First Style
  • Branching
  • Looping
  • Using The Step option with For in
  • Using For in to modify lists
  • Do Again Loop
  • Exit Command
  • Exit from two loops
  • Loop Command
  • Exit/Loop inside sub functions
  • Short-circuit evaluation
  • Comments about evaluation
• Control Structures - Second Style
  • Branching
  • Looping
  • Exceptions
• Control Structures - Third Style
  • Branching
  • Looping
  • Exceptions
• Getting Input
  • Give Command
  • GetChar() Function
  • Input() Function
• Functions - First Style
  • Define Functions
  • Call Functions
  • Declare parameters
  • Send Parameters
  • Main Function
  • Variables Scope
  • Return Value
  • Recursion
• Functions - Second Style
  • Define Functions
  • Call Functions
  • Declare parameters
  • Send Parameters
  • Main Function
  • Variables Scope
  • Return Value
  • Recursion
• Functions - Third Style
  • Define Functions
  • Call Functions
  • Declare parameters
  • Send Parameters
  • Main Function
  • Variables Scope
  • Return Value
  • Recursion
• Program Structure
  • Source Code File Sections
  • Using Many Source Code Files
  • Load Package
• Lists
  • Create Lists
  • Add Items
  • Get List Size
  • Delete Item From List
  • Get List Item
  • Set List Item
  • Search
  • Sort
  • Reverse
  • Insert Items
  • Nested Lists
  • Copy Lists
  • First-class lists
  • Using Lists during definition
  • Passing Lists to Functions
  • Access List Items by String Index
  • Passing Parameters or Argumnents Using List
  • Passing Parameters or Argumnents Using List Array
  • Creating a Multi-Dimensional Array using List
  • Swap Items
• Strings
  • String Literals
  • Get String Length
  • Convert Letters Case
  • Access String Letters
  • Left() Function
  • Right() Function
  • Trim() Function
  • Copy() Function
  • Lines() Function
  • Substr() Function
  • Find substring
  • Get substring from position to end
  • Get Number of Characters From Position
  • Transform Substring To Another Substring
  • strcmp() Function
  • str2list() and list2str() Functions
  • Merge binary characters
• Date and Time
  • Clock() Function
  • ClocksPerSecond() Function
  • Time() Function
  • Date() Function
  • TimeList() Function
  • AddDays() Function
  • DiffDays() Function
  • EpochTime() Function
• Check Data Type and Conversion
  • Check Data Type
  • IsString() Function
  • IsNumber() Function
  • IsList() Function
  • Type() Function
  • IsNULL() Function
  • Check Character
  • IsAlNum() Function
  • IsAlpha() Function
  • IsCntrl() Function
  • IsDigit() Function
  • IsGraph() Function
  • IsLower() Function
  • IsPrint() Function
  • IsPunct() Function
  • IsSpace() Function
  • IsUpper() Function
  • IsXdigit() Function
  • Conversion
  • Number() Function
  • String() Function
  • Ascii() Function
  • Char() Function
  • Hex() Function
  • Dec() Function
  • Str2hex() Function
  • Hex2str() Function
• Mathematical Functions
  • List of functions
  • Example
  • Random() Function
  • SRandom() Function
  • Unsigned() Function
  • Decimals() Functions
  • Using _ in numbers
  • Using f after numbers
• Files
  • Read() Function
  • Write() Function
  • Dir() Function
  • Rename() Function
  • Remove() Function
  • Fopen() Function
  • Fclose() Function
  • Fflush() Function
  • Freopen() Function
  • Tempfile() Function
  • Tempname() Function
  • Fseek() Function
  • Ftell() Function
  • Rewind() Function
  • Fgetpos() Function
  • Fsetpos() Function
  • Clearerr() Function
  • Feof() Function
  • Ferror() Function
  • Perror() Function
  • Fgetc() Function
  • Fgets() Function
  • Fputc() Function
  • Fputs() Function
  • Ungetc() Function
  • Fread() Function
  • Fwrite() Function
  • Fexists() Function
  • Example
  • Numbers and Bytes
• System Functions
  • System() Function
  • SysGet() Function
  • IsMSDOS() Function
  • IsWindows() Function
  • IsWindows64() Function
  • IsUnix() Function
  • IsMacOSX() Function
  • IsLinux() Function
  • IsFreeBSD() Function
  • IsAndroid() Function
  • Example
  • Windowsnl() Function
  • Get Command Line Arguments
  • Get Active Source File Name
  • PrevFileName() Function
  • CurrentDir() Function
  • ExeFileName() Function
  • ChDir() Function
  • ExeFolder() Function
  • Version() Function
  • Shutdown() Function
• Eval() and Debugging
  • Try/Catch/Done
  • Eval() Function
  • Raise() Function
  • Assert() Function
• Demo Programs
  • Language Shell
  • Main Menu
• ODBC Functions
  • odbc_init() Function
  • odbc_drivers() Function
  • odbc_datasources() Function
  • odbc_close() Function
  • Print List of ODBC Drivers
  • Print List of ODBC Data Sources
  • odbc_connect() Function
  • odbc_disconnect() Function
  • Open and Close Connection
  • odbc_execute() Function
  • odbc_colcount() Function
  • odbc_fetch() Function
  • odbc_getdata() Function
  • Execute Query and Print Result
  • odbc_tables() Function
  • odbc_columns() Function
  • odbc_autocommit() Function
  • odbc_commit() Function
  • odbc_rollback() Function
  • Transactions and Using Commit and Rollback
  • Save and Restore images
• MySQL Functions
  • MySQL_Info() Function
  • MySQL_Init() Function
  • MySQL_Error() Function
  • MySQL_Connect() Function
  • MySQL_Close() Function
  • MySQL_Query() Function
  • Create Database
  • Create Table and Insert Data
  • MySQL_Insert_ID() Function
  • MySQL_Result() Function
  • MySQL_Next_Result() Function
  • Print Query Result
  • MySQL_Columns() Function
  • MySQL_Result2() Function
  • MySQL_Escape_String() Function
  • Save Image inside the database
  • Restore Image From The Database
  • MySQL_AutoCommit() Function
  • MySQL_Commit() Function
  • MySQL_Rollback() Function
  • Transaction Example
• SQLite Functions
  • sqlite_init() function
  • sqlite_open() function
  • sqlite_execute() function
  • sqlite_close() function
  • Example
• PostgreSQL Functions
  • Loading the library
  • Examples
  • RingPostgreSQL Constants
  • RingPostgreSQL Functions
• Security and Internet Functions
  • MD5() Function
  • SHA1() Function
  • SHA256() Function
  • SHA512() Function
  • SHA384() Function
  • SHA224() Function
  • Encrypt() Function
  • Decrypt() Function
  • Encryption and Decryption Example
  • File Hash
  • Randbytes() Function
  • Download() Function
  • SendEmail() Function
• Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
  • Classes and Objects
  • Access Objects Using Braces
  • Composition
  • Setter and Getter
  • Private Attributes and Methods
  • Operator Overloading
  • Inheritance
  • Dynamic Attributes
  • Packages
  • Printing Objects
  • Find() and List of Objects
  • Sort() and List of Objects
  • Using Self.Attribute and Self.Method()
  • Using This.Attribute and This.Method()
  • Using This in the class region as Self
  • Default value for object attributes
• Functional Programming (FP)
  • Pure Functions
  • First-class Functions
  • Higher-order Functions
  • Anonymous and Nested Functions
  • Equality of functions
• Reflection and Meta-programming
  • locals() Function
  • globals() Function
  • functions() Function
  • cfunctions() Function
  • islocal() Function
  • isglobal() Function
  • isfunction() Function
  • iscfunction() Function
  • packages() Function
  • ispackage() Function
  • classes() Function
  • isclass() Function
  • packageclasses() Function
  • ispackageclass() Function
  • classname() Function
  • objectid() Function
  • isobject() Function
  • attributes() Function
  • methods() Function
  • isattribute() Function
  • isprivateattribute() Function
  • ismethod() Function
  • isprivatemethod() Function
  • addattribute() Function
  • addmethod() Function
  • getattribute() function
  • setattribute() function
  • mergemethods() Function
  • packagename() Function
• Stdlib Functions
  • Puts() function
  • Print() function
  • Print2Str() Function
  • GetString() function
  • GetNumber() function
  • AppPath() function
  • JustFilePath() function
  • JustFileName() function
  • Value() function
  • Times() function
  • Map() function
  • Filter() function
  • Split() function
  • SplitMany() function
  • NewList() function
  • Capitalized() function
  • IsSpecial() function
  • IsVowel() function
  • LineCount() function
  • Factorial() function
  • Fibonacci() function
  • IsPrime() function
  • Sign() function
  • List2File() function
  • File2List() function
  • StartsWith() function
  • EndsWith() function
  • GCD() function
  • LCM() function
  • SumList() function
  • ProdList() function
  • EvenOrOdd() function
  • Factors() function
  • Palindrome() function
  • IsLeapYear() function
  • BinaryDigits() function
  • MatrixMulti() function
  • MatrixTrans() function
  • DayOfWeek() function
  • Permutation() function
  • ReadLine() function
  • SubString() function
  • ChangeString() function
  • Sleep() function
  • IsMainSourceFile() function
  • DirExists() function
  • MakeDir() function
  • Fsize() function
  • TrimAll() function
  • TrimLeft() function
  • TrimRight() function
  • EpochTime() function
  • SystemCmd() Function
  • ListAllFiles() Function
  • SystemSilent() Function
  • OSCreateOpenFolder() Function
  • OSCopyFolder() Function
  • OSDeleteFolder() Function
  • OSCopyFile() Function
  • OSDeleteFile() Function
  • OSRenameFile() Function
  • List2Code() Function
  • Str2ASCIIList()
  • ASCIIList2Str()
• Stdlib Classes
  • StdBase Class
  • String Class
  • List Class
  • Stack Class
  • Queue Class
  • HashTable Class
  • Tree Class
  • Math Class
  • DateTime Class
  • File Class
  • System Class
  • Debug Class
  • DataType Class
  • Conversion Class
  • ODBC Class
  • MySQL Class
  • SQLite Class
  • PostgreSQL Class
  • Security Class
  • Internet Class
• Declarative Programming using Nested Structures
  • Creating Objects inside Lists
  • Composition and Returning Objects and Lists by Reference
  • Executing code after the end of object access
  • Declarative Programming on the top of Object-Oriented
  • More beautiful Code
• Natural language programming
  • History
  • Example
  • Change the Ring Keyword ‘And’
  • Change the Ring Operator ‘+’
  • Change the ‘=’ operator to ‘is’
  • Using Eval() with our Natural Code
  • BraceStart and BraceEnd Methods
  • BraceExprEval Method
  • Real Natural Code
  • BraceError() Method
  • Clean Natural Code
• Using the Natural Library
  • Natural Library - Demo Program
  • Defining Commands
  • Natural Library - Operators
  • Defining commands using classes
• Web Development (CGI Library)
  • Configure the Apache web server
  • Ring CGI Hello World Program
  • Hello World Program using the Web Library
  • Web Library Features
  • HTTP Get Example
  • HTTP POST Example
  • Upload Files
  • Cookies
  • URL Encode
  • Templates
  • HTML Special Characters
  • Hash Functions
  • Random Image
  • HTML Lists
  • HTML Tables
  • Gradient
  • Generating Pages using Objects
  • HtmlPage Class
  • Using Bootstrap Library using Functions
  • Using Bootstrap Library using Objects
  • CRUD Example using MVC
  • Users registration and Login
  • Database, ModelBase & ControllerBase classes
  • WebLib API
  • Application Class
  • Page Class
  • ScriptFunctions Class
  • StyleFunctions Class
  • WebPage Class
  • HtmlPage Class
• Deploying Web Applications in the Cloud
  • Introduction
  • Usage
  • Ring source code files and permissions
  • Hello World program
  • Application Database
  • Deploying after updates
  • Local Tests
• Using RingLibCurl
  • Get Request
  • Post Request
  • Facebook Login
  • Save Output to String
  • Get Stock Data From Yahoo
• Using RingZip
  • Create Zip File
  • Extract Zip File
  • Print Files in Zip file
  • Using RingZip Classes
  • Zip Class Reference
  • ZipEntry Class Reference
• Graphics and 2D Games programming using RingAllegro
  • Drawing, Animation and Input
  • Using TrueType Fonts
  • Playing Sound Files
  • Scaling and Rotating Images
  • Display Transparent Image
  • Using Threads
• Using RingLibSDL
  • Create Window
  • Display Image
  • Switch between two images
  • Draw Rectangle
  • Display PNG Images
  • Use TTF Fonts
  • Display Transparent Images
  • Close Window Event
  • Mouse Events
  • Play Sound
• Using Ringlibuv
  • First Application using RingLibuv
  • The Events Loop
  • Server Example
  • Client Example
  • Server Example Using Classes
  • Client Example Using Classes
  • Threads Example
  • Threads Example - Using Classes
• Demo Project - Game Engine for 2D Games
  • Project Layers
  • Graphics Library bindings
  • Interface to graphics library
  • Game Engine Classes
  • Games Layer
  • Game Class
  • GameObject Class
  • Sprite Class
  • Text Class
  • Animate Class
  • Sound Class
  • Map Class
  • Using the Game Engine - Creating the Game Window
  • Using the Game Engine - Drawing Text
  • Using the Game Engine - Moving Text
  • Using the Game Engine - Playing Sound
  • Using the Game Engine - Animation
  • Using the Game Engine - Animation and Functions
  • Using the Game Engine - Sprite - Automatic Movement using Keyboard
  • Using the Game Engine - Sprite - Keypress event
  • Using the Game Engine - Sprite - Mouse event
  • Using the Game Engine - Sprite - State event
  • Using the Game Engine - Animate - Events
  • Using the Game Engine - Map
  • Using the Game Engine - Map Events
  • Using the Game Engine - Object and Drawing
  • Stars Fighter Game
  • Flappy Bird 3000 Game
  • Super Man 2016 Game
• Building Games For Android
  • Download Requirements and Update the Android SDK
  • Project Folder
  • Building the project
• Using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT for 3D Graphics
  • Samples Source (Authors)
  • What is RingOpenGL?
  • What is RingFreeGLUT?
  • The First Window using RingFreeGLUT
  • Drawing using RingOpenGL
  • The First Triangle
  • Window Resize Event
  • Triangle Rotation
  • Keyboard Events and Colors
  • The Camera
  • Mouse Events
  • Menu Events
  • Using Fonts
  • Frames Per Second
  • Make a Cube using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT
• Using RingOpenGL and RingAllegro for 3D Graphics
  • 3D Cube and Texture
  • Many Cubes
  • TicTacToe 3D Game
  • More 3D Samples
• Demo Project - The Gold Magic 800 Game
  • The Game Story
  • How to play?
  • What will you learn?
  • Screen Shots
  • Source Code
• Desktop and Mobile development using RingQt
  • The First GUI Application
  • The Events Loop
  • Using Layout
  • Using the QTextEdit Class
  • Using the QListWidget Class
  • Using QTreeView and QFileSystemModel
  • Using QTreeWidget and QTreeWidgetItem
  • Using QComboBox Class
  • Creating Menubar
  • Context Menu
  • Creating Toolbar
  • Creating StatusBar
  • Using QDockWidget
  • Using QTabWidget
  • Using QTableWidget
  • Using QProgressBar
  • Using QSpinBox
  • Using QSlider
  • Using QDateEdit
  • Using QDial
  • Using QWebView
  • Using QCheckBox
  • Using QRadioButton and QButtonGroup
  • Adding Hyperlink to QLabel
  • QVideoWidget and QMediaPlayer
  • Using QFrame
  • Display Image using QLabel
  • Menubar and StyleSheet Example
  • QLineEdit Events and QMessageBox
  • Other Widgets Events
  • Using the QTimer Class
  • Using QProgressBar and Timer
  • Display Scaled Image using QLabel
  • Using the QFileDialog Class
  • Drawing using QPainter
  • Printing using QPrinter
  • Using QPrintPreviewDialog
  • Creating More than one Window
  • Playing Sound
  • Using the QColorDialog Class
  • Using qLCDNumber Class
  • Movable Label Example
  • QMessagebox Example
  • Using QInputDialog Class
  • Dialog Functions
  • KeyPress and Mouse Move Events
  • Moving Objects using the Mouse
  • Inheritance from GUI Classes
  • Using QDesktopWidget Class
  • Rotate Text
  • Change Focus
  • Regular Expressions
  • Simple Client and Server Example
  • Dynamic Objects
  • Weight History Application
  • Notepad Application
  • The Cards Game
  • Classes and their Methods to use the default events
  • Methods to use Events with Events Filter
  • The Difference between Qt and RingQt
  • RingQt Classes and their Qt Documentation
  • New Classes names - Index Start from 1
  • Creating Reports using the WebLib and the GUILib
• Building RingQt Applications for Mobile
  • Download Requirements
  • Update the Android SDK
  • Install Qt for Android
  • Using Ring2EXE
  • The Qt project for your Ring application
  • Comments about developing for Android using RingQt
• Objects Library for RingQt Application
  • Library Usage
  • Example
  • Open_WindowAndLink() Function
  • Open_WindowInPackages() Function
  • Objects Library Source Code
• Using the Form Designer
  • The Designer Windows
  • The Toolbox
  • The Properties
  • Running Forms
  • Events Code
  • Keyboard Shortcuts
  • Menubar Designer
  • Window Flags
  • Entering Items
  • Using Layouts
  • More Samples and Tests
• Multi-language Applications
  • Using String2Constant
  • Form Designer Translation
  • Forms Translation
• Scope Rules for Variables and Attributes
  • Three Scopes
  • Defining Variables and Variables Access
  • How Ring find the variable?
  • Using Object.Attribute
  • The Self Object
  • How Ring Define Variables and Attributes
  • Conflict between Global Variables and Class Attributes
  • Conflict between Class Attributes and Local Variables
  • Using Braces to access objects inside Class Methods
  • Accessing the class attributes from braces inside class methods
  • Creating a Class for each Window in GUI applications
  • Conflict between self inside braces and self in the class region
  • Using braces to escape from the current object scope
  • The For Loops uses the local scope
  • Summary of Scope Rules
• Scope Rules for Functions and Methods
  • How Ring find the Functions and Methods?
  • Example about Sharing Names between Functions and Methods
  • Calling a function sharing the name with a method in the current class
• Syntax Flexibility
  • Change Language Keywords
  • Change Language Operators
  • Load Syntax Files
  • Using “()” around the function parameters
  • Using Semi-colon after and between statements
  • Using $ and @ in the start of the variable name
  • Using the ‘elseif’ keyword as ‘but’ in if statement
  • Using the ‘else’ keyword as ‘other’ in switch statement
  • Using the ‘end’ keyword in different control structures
  • Using braces to start and end different control structures
  • Using ‘put’ and ‘get’ as ‘see’ and ‘give’
  • Using ‘case’ as ‘on’ in switch statements
  • Using ‘def’ as ‘func’ in functions/methods definition
  • Using braces { } in Packages/Classes/Functions
  • Using ‘end’ keyword after Packages/Classes/Functions
  • Using ‘endpackage’/’endclass’/’endfunc’ keywords after Packages/Classes/Functions
  • Ignore new lines after keywords
• The Type Hints Library
  • Why Type Hints?
  • Example
  • User Types
  • Using Types inside Code
  • Rules
• Command Line Options
  • Printing Tokens
  • Printing Rules
  • Printing Intermediate Code
  • Printing Final Intermediate Code
  • CGI Support
  • No Run
  • Printing Instruction Operation Code
  • Performance
  • Generate Object File
• Performance Tips
  • Introduction
  • Creating Lists
  • Arithmetic Operations
  • Using len() and For Loops
  • Calling Functions and Methods
• Distributing Ring Applications
  • Distributing Applications for Microsoft Windows
  • Protecting the Source Code
  • The files ring.ring and ring.ringo
  • Creating Windows Installer
  • Using C/C++ Compiler and Linker
  • Distributing Applications and Games for Mobile
• Distributing Ring Applications using Ring2EXE
  • Using Ring2EXE
  • How Ring2EXE works?
  • Example
  • Options
  • Building standalone console application
  • Distributing RingAllegro Applications
  • Distributing RingQt Applications
  • Distributing Applications for Mobile using RingQt
  • Building the Cards Game for Mobile using RingQt
  • Building the Weight History Application for Mobile using RingQt
  • Building the Form Designer for Mobile using RingQt
  • Creating the Qt resource file using Folder2qrc
  • Important Information about Ring2EXE
• Low Level Functions
  • callgc() function
  • varptr() function
  • space() function
  • nullpointer() function
  • object2pointer() function
  • pointer2object() function
  • ispointer() function
  • ptrcmp() function
  • ringvm_cfunctionslist() function
  • ringvm_functionslist() function
  • ringvm_classeslist() function
  • ringvm_packageslist() function
  • ringvm_memorylist() function
  • ringvm_calllist() function
  • ringvm_fileslist() function
  • ringvm_settrace()
  • ringvm_tracedata()
  • ringvm_traceevent()
  • ringvm_tracefunc()
  • ringvm_scopescount()
  • ringvm_evalinscope()
  • ringvm_passerror()
  • ringvm_hideerrormsg()
  • ringvm_callfunc()
  • Example - Using the Trace Functions
  • Example - The Trace Library
  • ringvm_see() function
  • ringvm_give() function
  • ringvm_info() function
• The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger
  • Loading the Trace library
  • Trace All Events
  • Trace control flow between functions
  • Pass Error
  • Interactive Debugger
  • Execute Program Line by Line
  • BreakPoint
  • Disable BreakPoints
  • Using the Interactive Debugger
• Embedding Ring Language in Ring Programs
  • Embedding Ring in Ring without sharing the State
  • Serial Execution of Programs
  • ring_state_setvar()
  • ring_state_new() and ring_state_mainfile()
  • Runtime Errors when Embedding Ring in Ring
• Extension using the C/C++ languages
  • ring_ext.h
  • ring_ext.c
  • Module Organization
  • Function Structure
  • Check Parameters Count
  • Display Error Message
  • Check Parameters Type
  • Get Parameters Values
  • Return Value
  • Function Prototype
  • Sin() Function Implementation
  • Fopen() and Fclose() Functions Implementation
  • Ring API - List Functions
  • Ring API - String Functions
  • MySQL_Columns() Function Implementation
  • Dynamic/Shared Libraries (DLL/So/Dylib) and LoadLib() function
  • Using RING_API_RETMANAGEDCPOINTER()
• Embedding Ring Language in C/C++ Programs
  • Ring State
  • Ring State Functions
  • Ring State Variables
• Code Generator for wrapping C/C++ Libraries
  • Using the tool
  • Configuration file
  • Using the function prototype
  • Adding code to the generated code
  • Prefix for Functions Names
  • Generate function to wrap structures
  • Determine Structure Members Types
  • Defining Constants
  • Register New Functions
  • Writing comments in the configuration file
  • Executing code during code generation
  • Enum and Numbers
  • Filtering using Expressions
  • Constants Type
  • Configuration file for the Allegro Library
  • Threads Support
  • Code Generator Rules for Wrapping C++ Classes
  • Using configuration file that wrap C++ Library
  • Configuration file for the Qt Framework
  • Static Methods
  • Loading Files
  • Managed Classes
  • Configuration Files Examples
• Create your first extension
  • Location
  • Steps to create the extension
  • Testing the extension
• Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
  • Why do we need Yet Another Programming Language (YAPL)?
  • Why is Ring weakly typed?
  • What are the advantages to using Ring over Lisp or Smalltalk?
  • Why is Ring largely focussed on UI creation?
  • Is Ring some sort of an improvement of PHP?
  • What are the advantages of using Ring over native C or C++?
  • What is the difference between Ring and Python? And is Ring Open Source?
  • What are the advantages to using Ring over Perl, PHP, Python or Ruby?
  • What are the advantages to using Ring over Tcl or Lua?
  • What are the advantages to using Ring over C# or Java?
  • The documentation says functional programming is supported, but then this happens?
  • Why the ability to define your own languages Instead of just handing over the syntax so you can parse it using whatever code you like?
  • Why you can specify the number of loops you want to break out of?
  • Why Ring uses ‘See’, ‘Give’, ‘But’ and ‘Ok’ Keywords?
  • What is the philosophy behind data types in Ring?
  • What about the Boolean values in Ring?
  • What is the goal of including the “Main” function in Ring?
  • Why the list index start from 1 in Ring?
  • Why Ring is not case-sensitive?
  • Why the Assignment operator uses Deep Copy?
  • Is there constructor methods in Ring?
  • What happens when we create a new object?
  • Can we use the attributes by accessing the Getter and Setter methods?
  • Why should a search of global names be made while defining the class attributes?
  • Why Ring doesn’t avoid the conflict between Global Variables and Class Attributes Names?
  • Where can I write a program and execute it?
  • How to get the file size using ftell() and fseek() functions?
  • How to get the current source file path?
  • What about predefined parameters or optional parameters in functions?
  • How to print keys or values only in List/Dictionary?
  • Why I get a strange result when printing nl with lists?
  • Could you explain the output of the StrCmp() function?
  • How to use many source code files in the project?
  • Why this example use the GetChar() twice?
  • How to use NULL and ISNULL() function?
  • How to print lists that contains objects?
  • How to insert an item to the first position in the list?
  • How to print new lines and other characters?
  • Why we don’t use () after the qApp class name?
  • Why the window title bar is going outside the screen?
  • How to create an array of buttons in GUI applications?
  • How to Close a window then displaying another one?
  • How to create a Modal Window?
  • How can I disable maximize button and resize window?
  • How to use SQLite using ODBC?
  • Can I connect to dbase/harbour database?
  • Why setClickEvent() doesn’t see the object methods directly?
  • Why I get Calling Function without definition Error?
  • Can Ring work on Windows XP?
  • How to extend RingQt and add more classes?
  • How to add Combobox and other elements to the cells of a QTableWidget?
  • How to perform some manipulations on selected cells in QTableWidget?
  • Which of 3 coding styles are commonly used or recommended by the community?
• General Information
  • Ring Architecture
  • Memory Management
  • Data Representation
• Language Reference
  • Language Keywords
  • Language Functions
  • Compiler Errors
  • Runtime Errors
  • Environment Errors
  • Language Grammar
  • Virtual Machine (VM) Instructions
• RingQt Classes and Methods Reference
  • CodeEditor Class
  • QAbstractButton Class
  • QAbstractItemView Class
  • QAbstractPrintDialog Class
  • QAbstractScrollArea Class
  • QAbstractSlider Class
  • QAbstractSocket Class
  • QAbstractSpinBox Class
  • QAction Class
  • QAllEvents Class
  • QApp Class
  • QAxBase Class
  • QAxObject Class
  • QAxWidget Class
  • QBitmap Class
  • QBluetoothAddress Class
  • QBluetoothDeviceDiscoveryAgent Class
  • QBluetoothDeviceInfo Class
  • QBluetoothHostInfo Class
  • QBluetoothLocalDevice Class
  • QBluetoothServer Class
  • QBluetoothServiceDiscoveryAgent Class
  • QBluetoothServiceInfo Class
  • QBluetoothSocket Class
  • QBluetoothTransferManager Class
  • QBluetoothTransferReply Class
  • QBluetoothTransferRequest Class
  • QBluetoothUuid Class
  • QBoxLayout Class
  • QBrush Class
  • QBuffer Class
  • QButtonGroup Class
  • QByteArray Class
  • QCalendarWidget Class
  • QCamera Class
  • QCameraImageCapture Class
  • QCameraViewfinder Class
  • QChar Class
  • QCheckBox Class
  • QChildEvent Class
  • QClipboard Class
  • QColor Class
  • QColorDialog Class
  • QComboBox Class
  • QCompleter Class
  • QCompleter2 Class
  • QCompleter3 Class
  • QCoreApplication Class
  • QCursor Class
  • QDate Class
  • QDateEdit Class
  • QDateTime Class
  • QDateTimeEdit Class
  • QDesktopServices Class
  • QDesktopWidget Class
  • QDial Class
  • QDialog Class
  • QDir Class
  • QDirModel Class
  • QDockWidget Class
  • QDrag Class
  • QDragEnterEvent Class
  • QDragLeaveEvent Class
  • QDragMoveEvent Class
  • QDropEvent Class
  • QEvent Class
  • QFile Class
  • QFile2 Class
  • QFileDevice Class
  • QFileDialog Class
  • QFileInfo Class
  • QFileSystemModel Class
  • QFont Class
  • QFontDialog Class
  • QFontMetrics Class
  • QFrame Class
  • QFrame2 Class
  • QFrame3 Class
  • QGeoAddress Class
  • QGeoAreaMonitorInfo Class
  • QGeoAreaMonitorSource Class
  • QGeoCircle Class
  • QGeoCoordinate Class
  • QGeoPositionInfo Class
  • QGeoPositionInfoSource Class
  • QGeoRectangle Class
  • QGeoSatelliteInfo Class
  • QGeoSatelliteInfoSource Class
  • QGeoShape Class
  • QGradient Class
  • QGraphicsVideoItem Class
  • QGridLayout Class
  • QGuiApplication Class
  • QHBoxLayout Class
  • QHeaderView Class
  • QHostAddress Class
  • QHostInfo Class
  • QIODevice Class
  • QIcon Class
  • QImage Class
  • QInputDialog Class
  • QJsonArray Class
  • QJsonDocument Class
  • QJsonObject Class
  • QJsonParseError Class
  • QJsonValue Class
  • QKeySequence Class
  • QLCDNumber Class
  • QLabel Class
  • QLayout Class
  • QLineEdit Class
  • QLinearGradient Class
  • QListView Class
  • QListWidget Class
  • QListWidgetItem Class
  • QMainWindow Class
  • QMatrix4x4 Class
  • QMdiArea Class
  • QMdiSubWindow Class
  • QMediaObject Class
  • QMediaPlayer Class
  • QMediaPlaylist Class
  • QMenu Class
  • QMenuBar Class
  • QMessageBox Class
  • QMimeData Class
  • QMutex Class
  • QMutexLocker Class
  • QNetworkAccessManager Class
  • QNetworkProxy Class
  • QNetworkReply Class
  • QNetworkRequest Class
  • QNmeaPositionInfoSource Class
  • QObject Class
  • QOpenGLBuffer Class
  • QOpenGLContext Class
  • QOpenGLDebugLogger Class
  • QOpenGLFramebufferObject Class
  • QOpenGLFunctions Class
  • QOpenGLFunctions_3_2_Core Class
  • QOpenGLPaintDevice Class
  • QOpenGLShader Class
  • QOpenGLShaderProgram Class
  • QOpenGLTexture Class
  • QOpenGLTimerQuery Class
  • QOpenGLVersionProfile Class
  • QOpenGLVertexArrayObject Class
  • QOpenGLWidget Class
  • QPageSetupDialog Class
  • QPaintDevice Class
  • QPainter Class
  • QPainter2 Class
  • QPainterPath Class
  • QPen Class
  • QPicture Class
  • QPixmap Class
  • QPixmap2 Class
  • QPlainTextEdit Class
  • QPoint Class
  • QPointF Class
  • QPrintPreviewDialog Class
  • QPrintPreviewWidget Class
  • QPrinter Class
  • QPrinterInfo Class
  • QProcess Class
  • QProgressBar Class
  • QPushButton Class
  • QQmlError Class
  • QQuaternion Class
  • QQuickWidget Class
  • QRadioButton Class
  • QRect Class
  • QRegion Class
  • QRegularExpression Class
  • QRegularExpressionMatch Class
  • QRegularExpressionMatchIterator Class
  • QScreen Class
  • QScrollArea Class
  • QScrollBar Class
  • QSerialPort Class
  • QSerialPortInfo Class
  • QSize Class
  • QSlider Class
  • QSpinBox Class
  • QSplashScreen Class
  • QSplitter Class
  • QSqlDatabase Class
  • QSqlDriver Class
  • QSqlDriverCreatorBase Class
  • QSqlError Class
  • QSqlField Class
  • QSqlIndex Class
  • QSqlQuery Class
  • QSqlRecord Class
  • QStackedWidget Class
  • QStandardPaths Class
  • QStatusBar Class
  • QString2 Class
  • QStringList Class
  • QStringRef Class
  • QSurfaceFormat Class
  • QSystemTrayIcon Class
  • QTabBar Class
  • QTabWidget Class
  • QTableView Class
  • QTableWidget Class
  • QTableWidgetItem Class
  • QTcpServer Class
  • QTcpSocket Class
  • QTest Class
  • QTextBlock Class
  • QTextBrowser Class
  • QTextCharFormat Class
  • QTextCodec Class
  • QTextCursor Class
  • QTextDocument Class
  • QTextEdit Class
  • QTextStream Class
  • QTextStream2 Class
  • QTextStream3 Class
  • QTextStream4 Class
  • QTextStream5 Class
  • QThread Class
  • QThreadPool Class
  • QTime Class
  • QTimer Class
  • QToolBar Class
  • QToolButton Class
  • QTreeView Class
  • QTreeWidget Class
  • QTreeWidgetItem Class
  • QUrl Class
  • QUuid Class
  • QVBoxLayout Class
  • QVariant Class
  • QVariant2 Class
  • QVariant3 Class
  • QVariant4 Class
  • QVariant5 Class
  • QVector2D Class
  • QVector3D Class
  • QVector4D Class
  • QVideoWidget Class
  • QVideoWidgetControl Class
  • QWebEngineView Class
  • QWebView Class
  • QWidget Class
  • QWindow Class
  • QXmlStreamAttribute Class
  • QXmlStreamAttributes Class
  • QXmlStreamEntityDeclaration Class
  • QXmlStreamEntityResolver Class
  • QXmlStreamNamespaceDeclaration Class
  • QXmlStreamNotationDeclaration Class
  • QXmlStreamReader Class
  • QXmlStreamWriter Class
  • RingCodeHighlighter Class
• RingMurmurHash Functions Reference
  • MurmurHash1 functions
  • MurmurHash2 functions
  • MurmurHash3 functions
  • Example
• FoxRing Functions Reference
  • FoxRing functions
  • frAbs() function
  • frAsc() function
  • frAddBs() function
  • frAt() function
  • frAtC() function
  • frChr() function
  • frEmpty() function
  • frFile() function
  • frFileToStr() function
  • frStr() function
  • frSetIfEmpty() function
  • frSpace() function
  • frInList() function
  • frForcePath() function
  • frAllTrim() function
  • frLTrim() function
  • frJustDrive() function
  • frJustExt() function
  • frJustStem() function
  • frRTrim() function
  • frJustPath() function
  • frForceExt() function
  • frALines() function
  • frJustFName() function
  • frPadL() function
  • frPadR() function
  • frProper() function
  • frReplicate() function
  • frLen() function
  • frStuff() function
  • frSubStr() function
  • frStrTran() function
  • frListToString() function
  • frInt() function
  • frStringToList() function
  • frIIf() function
  • frVal() function
  • frBetween() function
  • frSetSeparatorTo() function
  • frTransform() function
  • frVarType() function
  • Example
• BigNumber Functions Reference
  • Loading the library
  • Examples
  • BigNumber Functions
  • BigNumber Class
  • Library Source Code
• RingLibCurl Functions Reference
• RingLibZip Functions Reference
• RingConsoleColors Functions Reference
• RingAllegro Functions Reference
• RingLibSDL Functions Reference
• RingLibuv Functions Reference
• RingFreeGLUT Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 1.1) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 1.2) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 1.3) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 1.4) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 1.5) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 2.0) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 2.1) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 3.0) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 3.1) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 3.2) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 3.3) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 4.0) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 4.1) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 4.2) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 4.3) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 4.4) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 4.5) Functions Reference
• RingOpenGL (OpenGL 4.6) Functions Reference
• Resources
  • Ring Language Website
  • Ring Group
  • Source Code
  • Arabic Resources
  • Contact the Authors