Welcome to Ring’s documentation!

Contents:

• Introduction
  • Motivation
  • History
  • Features
• Getting Started
  • Hello World
  • Run the program
  • Not Case-Sensitive
  • Multi-Line literals
  • Getting Input
  • No Explicit End For Statements
  • Writing Comments
• Variables
  • Dynamic Typing
  • Deep Copy
  • Weakly Typed
• Operators
  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Relational Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Bitwise Operators
  • Assignment Operators
  • Misc Operators
  • Operators Precedence
• Control Structures
  • Branching
  • Looping
  • Using The Step option with For in
  • Using For in to modify lists
  • Do Again Loop
  • Exit Command
  • Exit from two loops
  • Exit/Loop inside sub functions
  • Short-circuit evaluation
  • Comments about evaluation
• Getting Input
  • Give Command
  • GetChar() Function
  • Input() Function
• Functions
  • Define Functions
  • Call Functions
  • Declare parameters
  • Send Parameters
  • Main Function
  • Variables Scope
  • Program Structure
  • Return Value
  • Recursion
• Lists
  • Create Lists
  • Add Items
  • Get List Size
  • Delete Item From List
  • Get List Item
  • Set List Item
  • Search
  • Sort
  • Reverse
  • Insert Items
  • Nested Lists
  • Copy Lists
  • First-class lists
  • Using Lists during definition
  • Passing Lists to Functions
  • Access List Items by String Index
  • Passing Parameters Using List
• Strings
  • String Literals
  • Get String Length
  • Convert Letters Case
  • Access String Letters
  • Left() Function
  • Right() Function
  • Trim() Function
  • Copy() Function
  • Lines() Function
  • Substr() Function
  • Find substring
  • Get substring from position to end
  • Get Number of Characters From Position
  • Transform Substring To Another Substring
  • strcmp() Function
  • str2list() and list2str() Functions
• Date and Time
  • Clock() Function
  • Time() Function
  • Date() Function
  • TimeList() Function
  • AddDays() Function
  • DiffDays() Function
• Check Data Type and Conversion
  • Check Data Type
  • IsString() Function
  • IsNumber() Function
  • IsList() Function
  • Type() Function
  • IsNULL() Function
  • Check Character
  • IsAlNum() Function
  • IsAlpha() Function
  • IsCntrl() Function
  • IsDigit() Function
  • IsGraph() Function
  • IsLower() Function
  • IsPrint() Function
  • IsPunct() Function
  • IsSpace() Function
  • IsUpper() Function
  • IsXdigit() Function
  • Conversion
  • Number() Function
  • String() Function
  • Ascii() Function
  • Char() Function
  • Hex() Function
  • Dec() Function
  • Str2hex() Function
  • Hex2str() Function
• Mathematical Functions
  • List of functions
  • Example
  • Random() Function
  • Unsigned() Function
  • Decimals() Functions
• Files
  • Read() Function
  • Write() Function
  • Dir() Function
  • Rename() Function
  • Remove() Function
  • Fopen() Function
  • Fclose() Function
  • Fflush() Function
  • Freopen() Function
  • Tempfile() Function
  • Tempname() Function
  • Fseek() Function
  • Ftell() Function
  • Rewind() Function
  • Fgetpos() Function
  • Fsetpos() Function
  • Clearerr() Function
  • Feof() Function
  • Ferror() Function
  • Perror() Function
  • Fgetc() Function
  • Fgets() Function
  • Fputc() Function
  • Fputs() Function
  • Ungetc() Function
  • Fread() Function
  • Fwrite() Function
  • Fexists() Function
  • Example
• System Functions
  • System() Function
  • Get() Function
  • IsMSDOS()
  • IsWindows()
  • IsWindows64()
  • IsUnix()
  • IsMacOSX()
  • IsLinux()
  • IsFreeBSD()
  • IsAndroid()
  • Example
  • Windowsnl()
  • Get Command Line Arguments
  • Get Active Source File Name
• Eval() and Debugging
  • Try/Catch/Done
  • Eval() Function
  • Raise() Function
  • Assert() Function
• Demo Programs
  • Language Shell
  • Main Menu
• ODBC Functions
  • odbc_init() Function
  • odbc_drivers() Function
  • odbc_datasources() Function
  • odbc_close() Function
  • Print List of ODBC Drivers
  • Print List of ODBC Data Sources
  • odbc_connect() Function
  • odbc_disconnect() Function
  • Open and Close Connection
  • odbc_execute() Function
  • odbc_colcount() Function
  • odbc_fetch() Function
  • odbc_getdata() Function
  • Execute Query and Print Result
  • odbc_tables() Function
  • odbc_columns() Function
  • odbc_autocommit() Function
  • odbc_commit() Function
  • odbc_rollback() Function
  • Transactions and Using Commit and Rollback
  • Save and Restore images
• MySQL Functions
  • MySQL_Info() Function
  • MySQL_Init() Function
  • MySQL_Error() Function
  • MySQL_Connect() Function
  • MySQL_Close() Function
  • MySQL_Query() Function
  • Create Database
  • Create Table and Insert Data
  • MySQL_Insert_ID() Function
  • MySQL_Result() Function
  • MySQL_Next_Result() Function
  • Print Query Result
  • MySQL_Columns() Function
  • MySQL_Result2() Function
  • MySQL_Escape_String() Function
  • Save Image inside the database
  • Restore Image From The Database
  • MySQL_AutoCommit() Function
  • MySQL_Commit() Function
  • MySQL_Rollback() Function
  • Transaction Example
• Security and Internet Functions
  • MD5() Function
  • SHA1() Function
  • SHA256() Function
  • SHA512() Function
  • SHA384() Function
  • SHA224() Function
  • Encrypt() Function
  • Decrypt() Function
  • Encryption and Decryption Example
  • File Hash
  • Randbytes() Function
  • Download() Function
  • SendEmail() Function
• Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
  • Classes and Objects
  • Access Objects Using Braces
  • Composition
  • Setter and Getter
  • Private Attributes and Methods
  • Operator Overloading
  • Inheritance
  • Dynamic Attributes
  • Packages
  • Printing Objects
• Declarative Programming using Nested Structures
  • Creating Objects inside Lists
  • Composition and Returning Objects and Lists by Reference
  • Executing code after the end of object access
  • Declarative Programming on the top of Object-Oriented
  • More beautiful Code
• Natural language programming
  • History
  • Example
• Functional Programming (FP)
  • Pure Functions
  • First-class Functions
  • Higher-order Functions
  • Anonymous and Nested Functions
  • Equality of functions
• Reflection and Meta-programming
  • locals() Function
  • globals() Function
  • functions() Function
  • cfunctions() Function
  • islocal() Function
  • isglobal() Function
  • isfunction() Function
  • iscfunction() Function
  • packages() Function
  • ispackage() Function
  • classes() Function
  • isclass() Function
  • packageclasses() Function
  • ispackageclass() Function
  • classname() Function
  • objectid() Function
  • isobject() Function
  • attributes() Function
  • methods() Function
  • isattribute() Function
  • isprivateattribute() Function
  • ismethod() Function
  • isprivatemethod() Function
  • addattribute() Function
  • addmethod() Function
  • getattribute() function
  • setattribute() function
  • mergemethods() Function
• Extension using the C/C++ languages
  • ring_ext.h
  • ring_ext.c
  • Module Organization
  • Function Structure
  • Check Parameters Count
  • Display Error Message
  • Check Parameters Type
  • Get Parameters Values
  • Return Value
  • Function Prototype
  • Sin() Function Implementation
  • Fopen() and Fclose() Functions Implementation
  • Ring API - List Functions
  • Ring API - String Functions
  • MySQL_Columns() Function Implementation
  • Dynamic/Shared Libraries (DLL/So) and LoadLib() function
• Embedding Ring Interpreter in C/C++ Programs
  • Ring State
  • Ring State Functions
  • Ring State Variables
• Command Line Options
  • Printing Tokens
  • Printing Rules
  • Printing Intermediate Code
  • Printing Final Intermediate Code
  • CGI Support
  • No Run
  • Printing Instruction Operation Code
  • Performance
• Web Development (CGI Library)
  • Ring CGI Hello World Program
  • Hello World Program using the Web Library
  • Web Library Features
  • HTTP Get Example
  • HTTP POST Example
  • Upload Files
  • Cookies
  • URL Encode
  • Templates
  • HTML Special Characters
  • Hash Functions
  • Random Image
  • HTML Lists
  • HTML Tables
  • Gradient
  • Generating Pages using Objects
  • Using Bootstrap Library using Functions
  • Using Bootstrap Library using Objects
  • CRUD Example using MVC
  • Users registration and Login
  • Database, ModelBase & ControllerBase classes
  • WebLib API
  • Application Class
  • Page Class
  • ScriptFunctions Class
  • StyleFunctions Class
• Code Generator for wrapping C/C++ Libraries
  • Using the tool
  • Configuration file
  • Using the function prototype
  • Adding code to the generated code
  • Prefix for Functions Names
  • Generate function to wrap structures
  • Register New Functions
  • Writing comments in the configuration file
  • Executing code during code generation
  • Configuration file for the Allegro Library
  • Threads Support
  • Code Generator Rules for Wrapping C++ Classes
  • Using configuration file that wrap C++ Library
  • Configuration file for the Qt Framework
• Graphics and 2D Games programming using RingAllegro
  • Drawing, Animation and Input
  • Using TrueType Fonts
  • Playing Sound Files
  • Scaling and Rotating Images
  • Display Transparent Image
  • Using Threads
• Desktop and Mobile development using RingQt
  • The First GUI Application
  • Using Layout
  • Using the QTextEdit Class
  • Using the QListWidget Class
  • Using QTreeView and QFileSystemModel
  • Using QTreeWidget and QTreeWidgetItem
  • Using QComboBox Class
  • Creating Menubar
  • Creating Toolbar
  • Creating StatusBar
  • Using QDockWidget
  • Using QTabWidget
  • Using QTableView
  • Using QProgressBar
  • Using QSpinBox
  • Using QSlider
  • Using QDateEdit
  • Using QDial
  • Using QWebView
  • Using QCheckBox
  • Using QRadioButton and QButtonGroup
  • Adding Hyperlink to QLabel
  • QVideoWidget and QMediaPlayer
  • Using QFrame
  • Display Image using QLabel
  • Menubar and StyleSheet Example
  • QLineEdit Events and QMessageBox
  • Other Widgets Events
  • Using the QTimer Class
  • Using the QFileDialog Class
  • Drawing using QPainter
  • Printing using QPrinter
  • Creating More than one Window
  • Playing Sound
  • Using the QColorDialog Class
  • Using qLCDNumber Class
  • Movable Label Example
  • QMessagebox Example
  • Using QInputDialog Class
  • KeyPress and Mouse Move Events
  • Moving Objects using the Mouse
  • Inheritance from GUI Classes
  • Using QDesktopWidget Class
  • Simple Client and Server Example
  • Notepad Application
  • The Cards Game
• Resources
  • Ring Language Website
  • Ring Group
  • Contact the Author